Nọvemba 14, 2025 bụ ụbọchị UN Diabetes Day nke iri na itoolu, nke nwere isiokwu nkwalite "ọrịa shuga na ọdịmma". Ọ na-emesi ike itinye nkwalite nke ndụ ndụ maka ndị nwere ọrịa shuga na isi ọrụ nlekọta ahụike ọrịa shuga, na-enyere ndị ọrịa aka ịnụ ụtọ ndụ ahụike.
N'ụwa niile, ihe dị ka nde ndị okenye 589 (afọ 20-79) nwere ọrịa shuga, na-anọchite anya 11.1% (1 n'ime 9) nke ọgbọ a. Ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 252 (43%) bụ ndị a na-achọpụtaghị, na-eche nnukwu nsogbu nsogbu ihu. A na-atụ anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwere ọrịa shuga ga-arị elu ruo nde 853 na 2050, mmụba nke 45%.
Etiology na Clinical ụdị ọrịa shuga
Ọrịa shuga bụ usoro ọrịa ọrịa metabolic nke metụtara shuga, protein, abụba, mmiri, na electrolytes, nke sitere na ihe ndị na-akpata ọrịa dị iche iche dị ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, ọrịa sistemu ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ, nje nje microbial na nsị ha, nsị na-adịghị mma, na ihe ndị na-eche echiche na-eme n'ahụ. Ihe ndị a na-eduga n'ịrụ ọrụ nke agwaetiti, nguzogide insulin, wdg. N'ụlọ ọgwụ, a na-eji ya bụ hyperglycemia bụ isi. Ọnọdụ ndị a na-ahụkarị nwere ike ịpụta na polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, na ọnwụ arọ, nke a maara dị ka akara ngosi "polys atọ na otu ọnwụ". A na-ekewa ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ n'ime ụdị ọrịa shuga 1, ụdị ọrịa shuga 2, ọrịa shuga afọ ime, na ụdị ọrịa shuga ndị ọzọ akọwapụtara.
Ihe nchọpụta ọrịa shuga
Islet autoantibodies bụ ihe nrịbama nke nbibi na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ beta pancreatic ma bụrụ isi ihe na-egosi ịchọpụta ọrịa shuga autoimmune. Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD), tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA-2A), insulin antibodies (IAA), na islet cell antibodies (ICA) bụ ihe nrịbama immunological dị mkpa maka nchọpụta ụlọ ọgwụ nke ọrịa shuga.
Ọtụtụ nchọpụta egosila na nchọta jikọtara ọnụ nwere ike imeziwanye ọnụọgụ nchọpụta nke ọrịa shuga autoimmune. Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa dị n'oge na-abawanye, ihe ize ndụ dị ukwuu nke mmadụ nwere inwe ọganihu ngwa ngwa gaa na ọrịa shuga ụlọ ọgwụ.
Nnyocha na-egosi:
● Ndị nwere ọgwụ mgbochi atọ ma ọ bụ karịa nwere ihe ize ndụ>50% ịrịa ọrịa shuga Ụdị nke Mbụ n'ime afọ ise.
● Ndị nwere ọgwụ nje abụọ dị mma nwere ihe ize ndụ nke 70% nke ịmalite ịmalite ọrịa shuga Ụdị nke Mbụ n'ime afọ 10, 84% n'ime afọ 15, yana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 100% ọganihu n'ịba ọrịa shuga Ụdị nke Mbụ mgbe afọ 20 gasịrị.
● Ndị nwere otu ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa nwere naanị 14.5% ihe ize ndụ nke ịmalite ịrịa ọrịa shuga Ụdị nke Mbụ n'ime afọ 10.
Mgbe mpụtachara ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa dị mma, ọnụego ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na ọrịa shuga 1dị 1 metụtara ụdị ọgwụ mgbochi dị mma, afọ n'ọdịdị mgbochi mmadụ, okike, na HLA genotype.
Beier na-enye ule maka ọrịa shuga zuru oke
Usoro usoro ngwaahịa ọrịa shuga Beier gụnyere Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) na Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Ngwakọta nchọpụta nke biomarkers na-enyere aka na nchọpụta mmalite, nlekọta ahụike mmalite, na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa shuga n'oge, si otú a na-eme ka nrịbama ahụike mmadụ dịkwuo mma.
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| Aha ngwaahịa |
| 1 | Ngwa mgbochi mgbochi Islet cell (ICA) (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
| 2 | Anti-insulin Antibody (IAA) Ngwa nyocha (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
| 3 | Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibody (GAD) Ngwa Assay (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
| 4 | Tyrosine Phosphatase Antibody (IA-2A) Ngwa nyocha (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
Ntụaka:
1. Chinese Diabetes Society, Chinese Medical Association Association Endocrinologist Alaka, Chinese Society of Endocrinology, et al. Ntuziaka maka nchoputa na ọgwụgwọ nke ụdị ọrịa shuga 1 na China (mbipụta 2021) [J]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ China nke Ọrịa shuga mellitus, 2022, 14 (11): 1143-1250. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115791-20220916-00474.
2. Chinese Women Medical Association Association ọkachamara ọrịa shuga, Board Editorial nke Chinese Journal of Health Management, China Health Promotion Foundation. Nkwekọrịta ndị ọkachamara na nyocha na ntinye aka maka ndị nwere ọrịa shuga dị elu na China. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Chinese nke njikwa ahụike, 2022, 16 (01): 7-14. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115624-20211111-00677.
Oge nzipu: Nov-17-2025